Academe Imitates the Corporation

(see also Economics of Education and IT and the Academy)

General Resources on Entrepreneurship / Restructuring / Downsizing of Higher Ed
Academe and "Lifelong Learning," "Learning Organizations," Etc.
Academe and the "Quality" Movement
Academe and "Just-in-Time" Philosophy

= More Info (see policy on "more info" links)

General Resources on Entrepreneurship / Restructuring / Downsizing of Higher Ed

(See also Fiscal Crisis of Higher Education)

• American Council on Education, Developing Tomorrow's Work Force (summaries of reports)
  1. "Higher Education and Work Readiness: The View from the Corporation"
  2. "Higher Education and Work Readiness: The View from the Campus"
  3. "Spanning the Chasm: Corporate and Academic Cooperation to Improve Work-Force Preparation"
• Clyde W. Barrow, Universities and the Capitalist State: Corporate Liberalism and the Reconstruction of American Higher Education, 1894-1928 (Madison, Wisconson: U. Wisconsin Press, 1990)
• Business Week, "The New U.: A Tough Market is Reshaping Colleges," Dec. 22, 1997: 96-102
• The Cal State Controversy
  • Update: C/Net, "College Tech Deal Folds" (June 29, 1998)
  • Selected Resources (for fuller bibliography, see Featured Controversy)
    1. "Technology Infrastructure Initiative Supporting Partnership Plan" (the Cal State plan to create a limited liability corporation "comprised of the four corporate partners [GTE, Fujitsu, Hughes, and Microsoft] and the CSU auxiliary") (CSU)
    2. FAQ for the TII (highlights of the plan in question-and-answer format) (CSU)
    3. C/Net, "Colleges to Give Windows Top Billing" (Nov. 24, 1997)
    4. Los Angeles Times, "A Farewell Warning," Jan. 7, 1998: B2 ("As he assumes his new job . . . former Chancellor Barry Munitz delivers a stark pronouncement to those who protest Cal State's creative financial arrangments")
    5. Los Angeles Times, "Microsoft Dropped from University Partnership," April 17, 1998: D1, D5 (coverage of new developments in the controversial Cal State system plan to partner with major technology firms) | see also C/Net, "Microsoft Drops Out of College Deal" (Apr. 16, 1998)
• Canadian Assoc. of University Teachers' Bulletin Online, "World Bank Promotes Its Agenda in Paris" (Nov. 1998) (report on the World Conference on Higher Education held at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, Oct. 5-9, 1998: "For the powerful forces seeking to control post-secondary education, led by the World Bank and its allies, the enemy are university teachers around the world; and war has been declared. The battle cry is that higher education 'must proceed to the most radical change and renewal it has ever been required to undertake.' And that means radically changing the 'traditional' or 'classical' or 'research based' university and its personnel to meet the ravenous needs of the knowledge-based global economy")
• Cause/Effect ("a practitioner's journal for college and university managers and users of information resources) (Educause)
• Chronicle of Higher Education, " 'Corporate Universities' Said to Force Business Schools to Change Their Ways," (June 18, 1998) ("The dramatic growth in the number of 'corporate universities' is forcing many business schools to change the way they operate. . . . The demand for customized programs tailored to the needs of individual companies is pushing more business schools into uneasy alliances with company-sponsored 'universities.' ") (online version for subscribers only)
• James S. Fairweather, Entrepreneurship and Higher Education: Lessons for Colleges, Universities and Industry (Washington, D.C.: ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education / College Station, TX: Assoc. for the Study of Higher Education, 1989)
• Denise Gelberg, The "Business" of Reforming American Schools, SUNY Series on Restructuring and School Change (Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press, 1997) ("describes how popular business management theories and production processes have been imported into schools during periods of societal upheaval in order to create a sense of order and efficiency while meeting the objective of producing a workforce that meets the specifications set down by employers")
• William H. Graves (U. North Carolina, Chapel Hill), "Can Higher Ed Jump the Curve?" (1996) (Cause/Effect)
• Katherine H. Hanson and Joel W. Meyerson, ed., Higher Education in a Changing Economy (New York: American Council on Education / Macmillan, 1990)
• HEPROC: Higher Education Processes Network (many online forums, with archives, on issues relating to the restructuring and technologization of higher ed) | Forums
• Robert C. Heterick (ed), Reengineering Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Sheltered Groves, Camelot, Windmills, and Malls (253K text file) (CAUSE Professional Paper Series)
• Neal O. Hines and Abbott Wainwright, A History of NACUBO: Business Officers in Higher Education, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: National Assoc. of College and University Business Officers [NACUBO], 1995)
• Alison Kirk, Learning and the Marketplace: A Philosophical, Cross-Cultural (And Occasionally Irreverent) Guide for Business and Academe (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1996)
• Paul Lauter, Canons and Contexts (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1991), esp. "Retrenchment--What the Managers Are Doing," pp. 175-97
• Robert L. Lenington, Managing Higher Education as a Business (Phoenix, AZ: Oryx, 1996)
• Robert R. Locke, Management and Higher Education Since 1940: The Influence of America and Japan on West Germany, Great Britain, and France (Cambridge / New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989)
• Los Angeles Times
  1. "Will Technology Commercialize Higher Learning?" Jan. 19, 1998: D6 (". . . some academics are starting to view their institutions as emergent clones of market-driven high-tech companies instead of as universities and colleges")
• James Martin and James E. Samels and Associates, Merging Colleges for Mutual Growth: A New Strategy for Academic Managers (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1994)
• Deirdre McDonald Green, ed. Practical Approaches to Rightsizing (Washington, D.C.: National Assoc. of College & University Business Officers [NACUBO], 1992)
• James R. Mingle and Associates, ed., Challenges of Retrenchment (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1981)
• Kenneth P. Mortimer and Michael L. Tierney, "The Three 'R's' of the Eighties: Reduction, Reallocation and Retrenchment," AAHE-ERIC Higher Education Research Report #4, 1979 (Washington, D.C.: American Assoc. for Higher Education, 1979), pp. 34-35
• National Assoc. of College & University Business Officers [NACUBO], Business Process Redesign for Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: NACUBO, 1994)
• New York Times, "The Ivory Tower Under Siege; Everyone Else Has Downsized, Why Not the Academy?", Jan. 5, 1998
• The New Zealand "Green Paper on a Future Tertiary Education" Controversy, 1997-98 (the controversy over plans to corporatize New Zealand's higher-education system; for a fuller overview of the issues, see Featured Controversies)
  1. Green Paper on "A Future Tertiary Education Policy for New Zealand (1997) (the government document)
  2. Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science, "New Zealand's Universities Face 'Privatization' Bid," March 26, 1998 (press "Continue" after free registration process) (this is the article that brought the controversy to international attention; "Radical proposals from the New Zealand government for turning universities into private bodies fully exposed to market forces, and with all academics designated as either teachers or researchers, have generated fierce criticism from the academic community.")
  3. Public Submissions (responses to the Green Paper by groups, institutions, and individuals answering the New Zealand government's call for submissions)
  4. New Zealand Association of University Staff (AUS) Web Site (includes archive of documents and criticisms related to the controversy)
     • Selected Resources:
     • AUS Submission in Response to the "Green Paper"
     • "Don't Corporatise the Tertiary Education Sector!" (AUS press release)
     • AUS Bibliography on the Issues
  5. Update:White Paper on "Tertiary Education in New Zealand: Policy Directions for the 21st Century" (Nov. 1998)
• Douglas D. Noble, "Let Them Eat Skills," in Henry A. Giroux with Patrick Shannon, eds., Education and Cultural Studies: Toward a Performative Practice (New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 197-212
• Donald M. Norris (Strategic Initiatives, Inc.) and Mark A. Olson (Education Network Resources, Sallie Mae), "Preparing for Virtual Commerce in Higher Learning" (1997)
• James H. Porter, "Business Reengineering in Higher Education" (1993) (file also includes Mark Olson, "We Must Apply the Principles of Business Reengineering in Higher Education") (Cause/Effect)
• John G. Sperling and Robert W. Tucker, For-Profit Higher Education: Developing a World-Class Workforce (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1997)
• John Smythe, ed., Academic Work: The Changing Labour Process in Higher Education (Buckingham, UK: Society for Research into Higher Education / Open Univ. Press, 1995)
• Herbert F. W. Stahlke (Ball State U., Indiana) and James M. Nyce (Emporia State U., Kansas), "Reengineering Higher Education: Reinventing Teaching and Learning" (1996) (Cause/Effect)
• Carol A. Twigg (SUNY Empire State C), "Improving Productivity in Higher Education - The Need for a Paradigm Shift" (1992) (Cause/Effect)
• William H. Willimon and Thomas H. Naylor, The Abandoned Generation: Rethinking Higher Education (William B. Eerdmans, 1995)
• Langdon Winner (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, "The Handwriting on the Wall: Resisting Technoglobalism's Assault on Education" (1997) (major essay on the general problem of the corporatization of education by a well-known philosopher and historian of technology)

Academe and "Lifelong Learning," "Learning Organizations," Etc.

(see also Knowledge Work, New Class, and Intellectuals)

• Bob Davis and David Wessel, Prosperity: The Coming Twenty-Year Boom and What It Means to You (Time Business, 1998) (predicts the prosperity of the American middle class due to technology, globalization, and education; includes discussion of the pivotal role of community colleges in the future)
• E. Kronqvist and H. Soini (U. Oulu, Finland), "Developing a Learning Organization at the University Level"
• Paul Luker (De Montfort U., Leicester, UK), "Lifelong Learning: Rising to the Challenge" ("lifelong learning is a concept which throws down the gauntlet to the whole of the education sector, business, professional bodies and government") (Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, De Montfort U., UK)
• Trends in the Delivery of Education -- Just In Time Education & Training Open & Distance Learning Life Long Learning (Dell Campbell, U. Southern Queensland, Australia)

Academe and the "Quality" Movement

• AAHE Quality Initiatives (Amer. Assoc. for Higher Education)
  1. List of Relevant AAHE Publications
• Colleges and Universities with Formal CQI Initiatives (Office for Continuous Quality Improvement, U. Maryland)
• CQI-Related Resources in Higher Education (Office for Continuous Quality Improvement, U. Maryland)
• Arizona State U. Continuous Improvement
• CQI at U. Maryland ("The CQI Council . . . decided to focus on undergraduate students as the primary customer of the University. The Council chose to examine where different 'pain points' existed for students and to develop a small set of 'top-down' problem-solving teams that would serve as demonstration projects. ") (Office for Continuous Quality Improvement, U. Maryland)
• Jann E. Freed, et al.
  1. A Culture of Excellence: Implementing the Quality Principles in Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: Graduate School of Education and Human Development, George Washington Univ., 1997)
  2. Quality Principles and Practices in Higher Education: Different Questions for Different Times (Washington, D.C.: Amer. Council on Education / Phoenix, AZ: Oryx, 1997)
• Higher Education Quality Council (HEQC) (contributes "to the maintenance and improvement of quality, at all levels, in institutions of higher education in the United Kingdom. HEQC seeks to promote public confidence in the standing and quality of the universities and colleges and the programmes and awards they offer, thereby protecting institutions' autonomy in setting and maintaining academic standards")
• Ralph G. Lewis and Douglas H. Smith, Total Quality in Higher Education (Delray Beach, FL: St. Lucie, 1994)
• Linda Ray Pratt, "Negotiating Agendas? Academic Management for Quality and Control," Profession 1996 (New York: MLA, 1996), pp. 37-43
• Quality in Higher Education (journal; only tables of content are online)

Academe and "Just-in-Time" Philosophy

• Roger B. Dannenberg (Carnegie Mellon U.), "Just-In-Time Lectures" (Just-In-Time Lecture Consortium)
• Roger B. Dannenberg and Peter Capell (Carnegie Mellon U.), "Are Just-In-Time Lectures Effective At Teaching?" (1997)
• John Grasso, "Just in Time Lectures: Digital Education" (Just-In-Time Lecture Consortium)
• Just in Time Learning on the Internet Project (Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford U.)
• Marilyn's JITT (Just In Time Training) Resources (Oregon Public Education Network)
• Trends in the Delivery of Education -- Just In Time Education & Training Open & Distance Learning Life Long Learning (Dell Campbell, U. Southern Queensland, Australia)
• Carol Watson and Sanford Temkin (Rider U.), "Just-in-time Teaching: Incorporating Business Needs Into the Delivery of Management Education"